RGPV / RGTU B. PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY(BIOCHEMISTRY)
– PY 404 SYLLABUS
UNIT-I
Biochemical organization of the cell and transport processes across cell membrane.
The concept of free energy, determination of charges in free energy system from
equilibrium constant and reduction potential, bioenergetics, production of ATP and its
biological significance.Structure and Functions of Proteins: Amino acids and Peptides, Determination of Primary structure and higher orders of structure.
Enzymes: Nomenclature Kinetics ans its Mechanism of action,Mechanism of Inhibition,Iso enzymes, enzymes in technical diagnosis.
Co-enzymes: Metals as coenzymes and their significance and Vitamins as coenzymes and their significance.
The concept of free energy, determination of charges in free energy system from
equilibrium constant and reduction potential, bioenergetics, production of ATP and its
biological significance.Structure and Functions of Proteins: Amino acids and Peptides, Determination of Primary structure and higher orders of structure.
Enzymes: Nomenclature Kinetics ans its Mechanism of action,Mechanism of Inhibition,Iso enzymes, enzymes in technical diagnosis.
Co-enzymes: Metals as coenzymes and their significance and Vitamins as coenzymes and their significance.
UNIT-II
Carbohydrate Metabolism:Conversion of Polysaccharide to Glucose 1-Phosphate, Glycolysis and Fermentation and their regulation, Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis, metabolism of galactose and galactosemia, role of sugar nucleotide in biosynthesis, pentosephosphate pathway.
Carbohydrate Metabolism:Conversion of Polysaccharide to Glucose 1-Phosphate, Glycolysis and Fermentation and their regulation, Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis, metabolism of galactose and galactosemia, role of sugar nucleotide in biosynthesis, pentosephosphate pathway.
UNIT-III
The Citric acid cycle: The significance, reaction and energetics of cycle, amphibolic role of cycle, Glyoxalic Acid Cycle.
Lipid Metabolism:Oxidation of fatty acids, Beta Oxidation and energetic, alpha oxidation,omega oxidation, Biosynthesis of Ketone bodies and their utilisation, Biosynthesis of saturated andunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids, phospholipids, sphingolipids.
The Citric acid cycle: The significance, reaction and energetics of cycle, amphibolic role of cycle, Glyoxalic Acid Cycle.
Lipid Metabolism:Oxidation of fatty acids, Beta Oxidation and energetic, alpha oxidation,omega oxidation, Biosynthesis of Ketone bodies and their utilisation, Biosynthesis of saturated andunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids, phospholipids, sphingolipids.
UNIT-IV
Biological oxidation: Redox Potential, enzymes and co-enzymes involved in oxidation reduction and its control. The respiratory chain, its role in energy capture and its control, energetic of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphyrlation, mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. Nitrogen & Sulphur Cycle: Nitrogen fixation, ammonia assimilation, sulphur activation, sulphate reduction, incorporation of sulphur in organic compounds, release of sulphur from organic compounds
Biological oxidation: Redox Potential, enzymes and co-enzymes involved in oxidation reduction and its control. The respiratory chain, its role in energy capture and its control, energetic of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphyrlation, mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation. Nitrogen & Sulphur Cycle: Nitrogen fixation, ammonia assimilation, sulphur activation, sulphate reduction, incorporation of sulphur in organic compounds, release of sulphur from organic compounds
UNIT-V
Metabolism of Ammonia and Nitrogen Containing monomers: Nitrogen balance, biosynthesis of amino acids, catabolism of amino acids, conversion of amino acids to specialized products, assimilation of ammonia , urea cycle, metabolic disorders of urea cycle, metabolism biosynthesis, formation of bile pigment, hyperbilirubinemia, purine biosynthesis, purine nucleotide interconversion, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and formation of de oxyribonucleotides. Disorders of Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein Metabolism:
Biomedical Importance and Implications in Clinical Biochemistry. Diagnostic tests for
detection of metabolic disorders.
Bio synthesis of nucleic Acids: Brief introduction to genetic organiZation, organisation of mammalian genome, alteration and rearrangement of genetic material, biosynthesis of DNA and its replication, mutation, physical and chemical mutagenesis/ carcinogenesis, DNA repair mechanism, bio synthesis of RNA.
Genetic code and Protein synthesis: Genetic code, Components of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein synthesis. Brief account of genetic engineering and polymerase chain reactions. Regulation of gene expression.
Metabolism of Ammonia and Nitrogen Containing monomers: Nitrogen balance, biosynthesis of amino acids, catabolism of amino acids, conversion of amino acids to specialized products, assimilation of ammonia , urea cycle, metabolic disorders of urea cycle, metabolism biosynthesis, formation of bile pigment, hyperbilirubinemia, purine biosynthesis, purine nucleotide interconversion, pyrimidine biosynthesis, and formation of de oxyribonucleotides. Disorders of Carbohydrate, Lipid and Protein Metabolism:
Biomedical Importance and Implications in Clinical Biochemistry. Diagnostic tests for
detection of metabolic disorders.
Bio synthesis of nucleic Acids: Brief introduction to genetic organiZation, organisation of mammalian genome, alteration and rearrangement of genetic material, biosynthesis of DNA and its replication, mutation, physical and chemical mutagenesis/ carcinogenesis, DNA repair mechanism, bio synthesis of RNA.
Genetic code and Protein synthesis: Genetic code, Components of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein synthesis. Brief account of genetic engineering and polymerase chain reactions. Regulation of gene expression.
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Qualitative and Quantitative chemical examination of Urine ,Blood and Faeces.
2. Food Analysis – Analysis of Milk ,Butter, Flour, Honey and Starch.
3. Systemic analysis of water for pharmaceutical purpose.
4.Seperation of amino acids by two dimensional paper chromatography & gel electrophoresis.
5. Seperation of lipids by TLC.
6. Seperation of Serum protiens by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate.
7. Quantitative estimation of amino acids and proteins.
8. Determination of glucose.
9. Isolation and determination of RNA and DNA.
1. Qualitative and Quantitative chemical examination of Urine ,Blood and Faeces.
2. Food Analysis – Analysis of Milk ,Butter, Flour, Honey and Starch.
3. Systemic analysis of water for pharmaceutical purpose.
4.Seperation of amino acids by two dimensional paper chromatography & gel electrophoresis.
5. Seperation of lipids by TLC.
6. Seperation of Serum protiens by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate.
7. Quantitative estimation of amino acids and proteins.
8. Determination of glucose.
9. Isolation and determination of RNA and DNA.
Books Recommended
1. Martin, D.W., Mays, P.A. and Redwell, V.M., Harper’s Review of Biochemistry, Lange medical Publication.
2. Horrow, B. and Mazur, A., Text book of biochemistry, W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia.
3. Lehninger, A.L., Principles of Biochemistry, CBS Publishers and Distributors.
4. Lehninger, A.L., Biochemistry, Worth Publishers Inc.
5. Stryer, L., Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman and Co. San Franscisco.
6. Plumer, D.T., An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata McGraw Hill, NewDelhi.
7. Jayaraman, J., Laboratory manual in Biochemistry, Wiley eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
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