RGPV / RGTU B PHARMA PY-401 PHARMACEUTICS-IV ( PHARMACEUTICAL ENGG.-II )

RGPV / RGTU B. PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICS  IV (PHARMACEUTICAL ENGG.  II) 

PY 401  SYLLABUS

UNIT-I 

Size Reduction and Size Separation-Definition objectives and significance of size reduction, Factors affecting size reduction, Standard of powders, Sieves and their usage in grading of powders, Laws governing energy and power requirements of a mill,Classification of size reduction machines, Study of various types of mill including ball mill, hammer mill fluid energy mill energy mill etc. Fluid classification methods.

UNIT-II

Evaporation-Basic concepts, Factors affecting evaporation, Types of evaporators, Study
of short tubs evaporators, Forced circulation evaporators and Film evaporators, Single and multiple effect evaporation, Evaporation under reduced pressure, Evaporation capacity, Heat and material balance, Scale formation, Foam and entrainment. 

Distillation- General theory applied to binary mixtures, Boiling point and equilibrium diagrams, Raout’s Law and Henry’s Law, Constant boiling mixtures, Simple, steam and Equilibrium distillations, Rectification, Constructions of rectifying columns. Analysis of rectifying column: McCabe Thiel method and Lewis Sorel method for calculation of number of theoretical plates, Azeotropic and extractive distillations.

UNIT-III 

Drying- Introduction, Theory of drying Rate of drying curves, Classification of dryers, Study of dryers used in pharmaceutical industries, Special drying methods.
Extraction- Principles of solid-liquid and liquid- liquid extraction, Theories of extraction
of drugs, Diffusion battery, Podbielnaik extractor, Continuous counter- current extraction system.
Crystallization-Importance of crystal purity, size, shape, geometry habit forms and types, Solubility curves and calculation of yields, Mier,s supersaturation theory and its limitations, Nucleation and crystal growth, Classification of crystallizers, Principles underlying the design and operation of Tank, Swenson-walker, Krystal and Vacuum crystallizer, Crystallizer employed for producing large crystals, Caking of crystals and its prevention.

UNIT-IV 

Mixing-Theory of mixing,Solid-solid; solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixers used in pharmaceutical industries.
Filtration and Centrifugation- Theory of filtration, Factors affecting filtration, Filter media, Filter aids, Classification of filters, Industrial filters including Filter press, Rotary filter, Membrane filter etc. Principles of centrifugation, Industrial filters and centrifugation sedimenters.

UNIT-V 

Compaction and Compression- Adhesion and Cohesion of particles, Strength of granules, Factors affecting strength of tablets, Physics of tablet compression. 

Pilot Plant Scale Up Techniques- Concepts of pilot plant, scale up techniques in pharmaceutical industries.

Books recommended

1 Elementary Chemical Engineering - Max S. Peters, Published by McGraw Hill Book
Company, New York, 1954.
2 Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook - Robert H Perry, Green D.W., Maloney O.7th
Edition, 1998, McGraw – Hill Inc., New York.
3 Tutorial Pharmacy by Cooper & Gunn, ed. S.J.Carter, CBS Publishers & Distributors,
Delhi, 6th Edition, 2000.
4. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 5th edition – McCabe, Smith & Harriott,
McGraw – Hill Inc., New York.
5 Pharmaceutical Engineering – K.Sambamurthy, 2002 NAI (P) Ltd., Delhi.
6 Pharmaceutics : The Science of Dosage Form Design - M.E. Aulton.
7 The Theory & Practice of Industrial Pharmacy – Lachman L., Lieberman H.A. &
Kanjig J.L., 3rd edition, 1990 Varghese Publishing House, Bombay.
8 Alfonso G. Remington: The Science & Practice of Pharmacy. Vol.I & II. Lippincott,
Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia.
9 Jani G. K., Pharmaceutics II (Unit Operations), B. S. Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad.
10 Subramanyam C.V.S., Thimma J, Suresh S.S. et. al., Pharmaceutical Engineering :
Principles and Practice, 2002, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.
11 Introduction to Chemical Engineering by Walter L. Badger & Julius T. Banchero,
Mcgraw Hill International edition, New Delhi, 1955.
12 Filtration in Pharma. Industry by Theodore H. Meltzer, Marcel Dekker Inc.,
New York, 1987.
13. A. R. Paradkar, Introduction to Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nirali Prakashan, 10
th Ed. 2007.

List of practicals

A minimum total of 12 experiments should be performed .
1. Study the effect of diameter of balls, No. of balls volume of balls or feed amount on the particle size reduction wing ball mill.
2. Calculate the energy requirement (as per Riltinger’s law) for the powder milling.
3. Study the particle size distribution the given sample using standard sieve method.
4. Determine the particle size distribution of a given sample using microscopy.
5. Study the rate of sedimentation of the given sample.
6. Study the effect of suspending agents on the rate of sedimentation of the given sample.
7. Compare the efficiency of different suspending agents on the rate of sedimentation of the given sample.
8. Study the effect of temperature, surface area and viscosity of the liquid on the rate of evaporation.
9. Construct the boiling point diagram for the given mixture of alcohol and water.
10. Separate the constituents of the given a zeotropic mixture by the addition of third agent.
11. Study the rate of drying and determine EMC, CMC and FMC.
12. Study the effect of surface area, material bed thickness, temperature and moisture content on the rate of drying.
13. Compare the efficiency of single stage extraction with multiple stage extraction.
14. Determine the percentage of acetic acid extracted from the mixture of benzene and acetic acid using water as our extracting agent.
15. Prepare mier’s super solubility curve for the given samples.
16. Determine the percentage purity of the given sample using crystallization technique.
17. Determine the mixing index for the mixing of give powders.
18. Determine the effect of surface area,thickness of filter medium, viscosity of  liquid, temperature and filter aid on the rate of filtration.